Stolen from the Course Description: we covered "the basic properties of natural numbers, countable and uncountable sets, the construction of the real numbers, some basic facts about the topology of the real line, cardinal numbers and cardinal arithmetic, the continuum hypothesis, well ordered sets, ordinal numbers and transfinite induction, the axiom of choice, Zorn's lemma. Optional topics if time permits: infinitary combinatorics, filters and large cardinals, Borel and analytic sets of reals." Part of the lectures notes are as follows, will keep working on it according to time availability In 2014, building accounts for 41% of the total U.S. Energy consumption (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2015). Within this, 43% goes to the HVAC. The design of thermal comfort directly relates to the energy performance of the HVAC system. Moreover, thermal comfort has great variation between occupants, as is shown in the study of Takashi et al (Takashi, Shin-ichi, Takashi, & Masato, 2010). PMV is the most commonly adopted model for thermal comfort, but it does not take personal and seasonal variation into consideration. On the contrary, fuzzy logic expert system imbedded the complexity and uncertainty (fuzziness) definition (Dounis & Manolakis, 2001) of thermal comfort and integrates personalized preferences into the HVAC control system (Farrokh, Ali, Burcin, Tatiana, & Michael, 2014) and is promising in providing a higher level of thermal comfort a lower energy consumption. In the following section, we will have a brief review of the approaches of fuzzy control logic in building thermal environment control.
Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy logic, which maps continuous analogue input to propositions regarding membership of “fuzzy sets” (Wikipedia). Fuzzy set is an ordered pair of a set U and the membership function m: U -> [0, 1]. The term “fuzzy” expresses the “partial truth” or the degree of membership of fuzzy sets. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), in 2012, 12% of the electricity is consumed in lighting of residential and commercial buildings (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2014). Automatic lighting control is widely applied in reducing lighting energy consumptions in commercial and residential buildings. It is also important in ensuring the visual comfort of Indoor Environment Quality and reduce the carbon footprint of building operation. In addition, the system enables a convenient control of multiple lighting devices through a single user device.
Typical input of lighting control systems are driven by the following one or more aspects: time (chronological or astronomical time), occupancy (occupancy sensors), daylight availability (photocells) and program logic etc. (Wikipedia, 2014). This summary will present a brief review of the energy performance of the daylight-availability and occupancy based systems. 1. Introduction
The present urban environment, especially in the U.S. tends to be designed for cars rather than human. The low density and high level of separation of different age group, different income group and different use also the separation from natural environment actually make the city a big prison where residents are trapped inside and have nowhere to escape to. When you live in a city where without a car you cannot anywhere (which is the case for lots of U.S. cities), when you are not old enough or too old to drive a car, then you are totally trapped. You can connect your friends through phones, facebook and other electric based methods, but you can never see them in person. The only thing you can do is to wait until your parents come back and willing to take you somewhere. This may be one of the reasons why people get bad impression on teenage drivers. After years of “jail" they are so desperate to rush their way somewhere else. If you are too old, you are thrown into special elder citizen residential facilities far away from normal social life. From then on you are never going to see the younger. People of high income live in their “Garden of Eden", completely separated from their low-income neighbors, thinking that they were all evil persons. There are always a certain percentage of good people and bad people in an each social group. Bias, scare and conflicts grow as a result of high level of separation and resulted lacking of contact. These problems are believed to be associated with a poorly designed built environment and an un healthy (or “dysfunctional”) mode of development, commonly addressed as Urban Sprawl which has properties as: low density, rigidly separated land use, inaccessible huge blocks and an absence of vibrant city center (Reid et al., 2003) . A serious of multi-dimensional social, economic, environment and health problems are believed to be a result of Urban Sprawl as follows: higher driving distance, high car ownership, more polluted air, higher car accident death rate , less physical activity, high obesity rate, and high hypertension (Reid et al., 2003). Introduction
For the future and sustainability oriented CMU ecological footprint analysis, my focus is on the neighborhood scale with focuses on: 1) the improvement of quality of life of the neighborhood as a whole, especially on the improvement of living quality of senior citizens; 2) providing access to safer, more affordable and more environmentally friendly housing choices for students and faculty members; 3) reducing the travelling distance of faculty members to provide both more sustainable and more affordable housing choices. The study is done with the platform of GIS using the software of Arcgis 10.1 (Arcgis for Desktop, 2013) 经过一学期西方现代美术史课程的学习,我对于西方现代美术的主要流派和它们的代表人物都有了一个比较系统的了解。但与此同时,也经历了一段严重的思想和价值观的混乱期。纵观整个美术史,发现似乎很多彼此对立矛盾的东西都曾经登上过艺术的最高殿堂,都曾经收到过狂热的追捧。古典主义时候,那些像照片一样的最最写实的作品,会有很好的。而抽象到马列维奇的黑方块,也可以成立。理性到修拉那样分析色彩成分的点彩是革命性的,完全崇尚偶然的艺术的巴尔也创造出了好作品。作品可以像凡高那样表达作者强烈的感情色彩,也可以像抽象艺术一样强调纯感觉,甚至还可以像极少主义那样完全不带任何个人的因素。可以把艺术很当一回事,也可以像达达那样完全不把艺术当回事。
——歌剧赏析小论文 命运的必然
当你老了 叶芝 袁可嘉 译 当你老了,头白了,睡意昏沉, 炉火旁打盹,请取下这部诗歌, 慢慢读,回想你过去眼神的柔和, 回想它们昔日浓重的阴影; 多少人爱你青春欢畅的时辰, 爱慕你的美丽,假意或真心, 只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂, 爱你衰老了的脸上痛苦的皱纹; 垂下头来,在红光闪耀的炉子旁, 凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情的消逝, 在头顶的山上它缓缓踱着步子, 在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。 有些人是永远不会老的。 就像,村上在《挪威的森林》里写道——“死者永远十七岁”。 上学期的时候,觉得每周二是一周里最开心的一天,一个原因是由于我们定向协会的例会在周二晚上,可以见到大家,觉得开心。还有一个原因就是晚上有邢老师的舞蹈实践课。老师上课的时候常说跳舞的人是没有得抑郁症的,确实是这样。
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